One author
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher. | (Stanton, 2015). |
| Stanton, B. (2015). Humans of New York: Stories. St. Martin’s Press. |
Narrative Citation According to Stanton (2015) Humans of New York ...... |
Two authors
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title: Include a subtitle if there is one. Publisher. | (Edelman & Remond, 2017). |
| Edelman, S., & Remond, L. (2017). Good thinking: A teenager’s guide to managing stress and emotion using CBT. HarperCollins |
Narrative Citation According to Edelman and Remond (2017) teenagers manage..... |
Three-20 authors
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname1, Initial., Surname2, Initial., Surname3, Initial., Surname4, Initial., Surname5, Initial., Surname6, Initial., & Surname7, Initial. (Year). Title: Include a subtitle if there is one. Publisher. |
(Smith et al., 2020).
Narrative Citation According to Smith et al. (2020) developing ... |
List all authors in reference list.
21+ authors
When there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, insert an ellipsis and then add the final author’s name.
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname1, Initial., Surname2, Initial., Surname3, Initial., Surname4, Initial., Surname5, Initial., Surname6, Initial., Surname7, Initial., Surname8, Initial., Surname9., Initial., Surname10., Initial., Surname19, Initial., . . . Surname21, Initial. (Year). Title: Include a subtitle if there is one. Publisher. | (Churchill et al., 2017) |
No author or editor
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Title: Include a subtitle if there is one. (Year). Publisher. | |
| Mosby’s medical dictionary. (2009). Mosby/Elsevier. | (Mosby’s medical dictionary, 2009) |
Note: As there is no author, the title appears in the author position.
Bible
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Version used. (Year). Publisher. URL if needed (Original work published Year) | |
| King James Bible. (2017). Remnant. (Original work published 1769) | (King James Bible, 1769/2017, 1 Cor. 13:1) |
Book in a series
|
Reference List |
In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher. DOI if required | |
| Nicholas, P. (2004). Soil, irrigation and nutrition. South Australian Resource and Development Institute. | (Nicholas, 2004) |
Secondary sources
A secondary or indirect source refers to another author's content quoted by the author you are reading. For example, the textbook by Dawn Lyon (2018) you are reading quotes a section of text from one of John Rabbitt's books.
Guidelines
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
|
Provide the reference for the secondary source you are reading only
|
Identify the primary source and write "as cited in" the secondary source you read |
| Lyon, D. (2018). What is rhythmanalysis Bloomsbury Publishing. | (Rabitt,1982, as cited in Lyon, 2018) |
Corporate author
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Corporate author name. (Year). Title. Publisher. URL | (Department of Education, 2017). |
| Department of Education. (2017). New guidelines. Board of Studies. https://www.education.gov.au/n ewguidelines |
Narrative Citation According to the Department of Education (2017) the new guidelines ...... |
Corporate author- when author is the same as the publisher
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Corporate author name. (Year). Title. |
First citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020) Subsequent citations: (APA, 2020) |
| American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style. (7th ed.). |
Narrative Citation According to the American Psychological Association (APA) (2020) ..... |
An edition other than the first.
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title (Ordinal number ed.). Publisher. | |
| Baum, F. (2016). The new public health (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. | (Baum, 2016) |
Note: An ordinal number is a number defining the position of something in a series, e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th. Remove the superscript if needed.
Book chapter
Only reference a chapter if it has Individual authors for each chapter in the book. Use Book examples if the individual chapters have no authors.
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of book chapter. In Initial. Surname (Ed.), Name of book (page range of chapter). Publisher. | |
| Lett, W. (1989). Creativity and giftedness. In P. Langford (Ed.), Educational psychology (pp. 64- 89). Longman Cheshire. | (Lett, 1989) |
Edited book
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title. Publisher. | |
| O’Higgins Norman, J. (Ed.). (2014). Education matters: Readings in pastoral care for school chaplains, guidance counsellors and teachers. Veritas. | (O'Higgins Norman, 2014) |
Single volume in a multi-volume work
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title of volume: Vol. no. Title of series. Publisher. | |
| Ward, A.W., & Waller, A. R. (Eds.). (1932). The Cambridge history of English literature: Vol. 2. The end of the Middle Ages. University Press. | (Ward & Waller, 1932) |
Print journal
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pages. | |
| Watts, M., & Walstad, W. (2010). Economic education in an international context. Journal of Economic Education, 41(4), 410. | (Watts & Walstad, 2010) |
Newspaper or magazine article
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume(issue if given), pages. URL if needed | |
| Tolson, J. (2005, October 4). The battle that changed the world. U.S. News and World Report, 139, 56– 65. | (Tolson, 2005) |
Encyclopedia or dictionary with an author
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of article. In Initial. Surname (Ed.), Encyclopedia title (ed. If needed). Publisher. URL | |
|
Graham, G. (2019). Behaviourism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.)., The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archiv es/sum2019/
|
(Zalta, 2019)
(Blaser, 2021) |
Encyclopedia or dictionary without an author
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Title of article. (Year). Initial. Surname (Ed.), Encyclopedia title (pp. numbers). Publisher. | |
| German army. (1984). In J. Keegan (Ed.), The Rand McNally encyclopedia of World War II (pp. 99-102). Colporteur Press. | ("German army, 1984") |
Pamphlet
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title [Pamphlet]. Publisher. | |
| Gable, S. (2008). Nurturing children’s talents [Pamphlet]. University of Missouri. | (Gable, 2008) |
Brochure
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title [Brochure]. URL | |
| California Board of Psychology. (2005). For your peace of mind [Brochure]. http://www.Psychboard.ca.gov/f ormspubs/brochure.pdf | (California Board of Psychology, 2005) |
Map, graph, table or chart
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title [Format]. Publisher. | |
| Magocsi, P. R. (2003). Population movements, 1944-1948 [Map]. University of Washington Press. |
(Magocsi, 2003)
|
Work of art
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of artwork [Artwork medium]. Where the artwork is found, City or Suburb where the artwork is found, State or Country where artwork is found. URL if applicable. | |
| Hopper, E. (1930). Early Sunday morning [Oil on canvas]. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. | (Hopper, 1930) |
Unpublished dissertation
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University name. | |
| Wilfley, D. E. (1989). Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal weight and obesity [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Missouri. | (Wilfley, 1989) |
Unpublished manuscript
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. [Unpublished manuscript]. Department, University name. | |
| Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. J. (2003). A five-dimensional measure of drinking motives [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia. | (Blackwell & Conrod, 2003) |
Unpublished conference proceedings
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year, Month conference held). Title. Paper presented at the Conference Name, City or Suburb of Conference, State or Country of Conference. | |
| Gidley, V. (2000, October). Working together to make the dream a reality. Paper presented at the ATSIM Indigenous Health Conference, Wahroonga, Australia. | (Gidley, 2000) |
Conference session
| Reference List | In-text Citation |
| Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day/s). Title [Conference session]. Conference name, City, State, Country. URL | |
| Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody’s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogra marchives/Session9517.html | (Fistek et al., 2017) |
Lecture notes and personal communication
Personal communication may be unpublished lecture notes, letters, memos, personal interviews, telephone conversations, e-mail or messages etc. They are only cited within the text and not included in the Reference List
For a lecture given by Dr Ross Cole: “Job’s trials …. “ (R. Cole, personal communication, March 14, 2012)
Course reader
Your course reader is made up of different types of sources. Do not reference the reader as a whole. Cite them according to the source